Gothic Revival Architecture

The Gothic Revival began in the late 1740 in England. it was an architectural movement. It continued to grow till the nineteenth century. The Gothic Revival was paralleled to be supported by the Medievalism. In English Literature, the architectural Gothic Revival, gave rise to the Gothic Revival novel gener. An architect that worked on the Gothic Revival was Pugin.




Notable Neo-Gothic edifices: top: Palace of Westminster, London;
left: Cathedral of Learning, Pittsburgh;
right: Sint-Petrus-en-Pauluskerk, Ostend.





Bibliography:

• Gothic Revival architecture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2013. Gothic Revival architecture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available at:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture. [Accessed 28 March 2013].

Pugin

Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin was born on the 1st of March 1812 in Bloomsbury, London; and died on the 14th of September 1852. Pugin was an architect and archeoligist. He is remembered for his role in the Gothic Revival. He had designed many churches in England, and there are some in Ireland and Australia. Pugin's influence began to fade after his death.

Some of Pugin's works:


St Chad's Cathedral, Birmingham


The northeast chapel at Pugin's St Giles' Roman Catholic Church, Cheadle



Bibliography:

• CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin. 2013.CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12558b.htm. [Accessed 28 March 2013].

• Augustus Pugin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2013. Augustus Pugin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available at:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_Pugin. [Accessed 28 March 2013].

Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution first began in the period from about 1760 and then continued to some time between 1820 and 1840. This included going from hand production to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production. In this period of time the use of steam was increasing. it was used to power and development of machine tools and transport. The Industrial Revolution began in Britain and later on it had spread  to the United States of America, and Western Europe.

Bibliography:

• en.wikipedia/wiki/Industrial_Revolution , 22 February 2013 , 22:44pm

Jean Louis Ernest Meissonier

Jean Louis Ernest Meissonier, was born on the 21 February 1815 in Lyon, France and died on the 31 January 1891 at the age of 75 in Paris, France. He was a French painter and sculpture, most famous for his armies and military themes. Meissonier had great success in his life because of his mastery in fine detail. He was a painter and sculpture during the Realism time. He had went to Rome and Switzerland. There, he had exhibited in the salon of 1831. on painting that was there is called 'Les Bourgeois Flamands'.

Some of his works:



1814. Campagne de France (Napoleon and his staff returning from Soissons after the Battle of Laon), 1864 (Musée d'Orsay)



In June 1868 Meissonier arrived in Antibes - "It is delightful to sun oneself in the brilliant light of the South," he wrote


Bibliography:

• en.wikipedia/wiki/Jean_Louis_Ernest_meissonier , 22 February 2013 , 18:05pm

Realism

Realism first took place in a discussion of a group of artists, writers and intellectuals in a bar in the late 1840. In France Realism emerged in times of social hardship and political difficulty that was in 1848, which also was the time of the French Revolution. In realism painting, one can see the truth of life in that time. It may emphasize the ugly or the sordid, like works of social realism, regionalism or kitchen sink realism. An opera called Verismo was inspired from the Realism.

Some painting of that time:



Bonjour, Monsieur Courbet, 1854. Realist painting by Gustave Courbet.



Jean-François Millet, The Gleaners, 1857


Bibliography

• Cauruana,M., Realism., Lecture notes
• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realism_(arts) , 26 February 2013 , 20:23pm

Neoclassicism

The western movement was named Neoclassicism. This movement consisted of decorative and visual arts, literature, theater  music and architecture. The inspiration is drawn from the arts of the Ancient Greece or Ancient Rome. Neoclassicism firs began in the eighteenth century and continued in the nineteenth century. In English the world 'Neoclassicism' was used mainly for visual arts; it is also similar to the movement in English literature. Neoclassicism was mainly strong in its architecture, sculpture and in arts. It was around 1760 that Neoclassicism first began in Europe, it opposition to the Baroque and the Rococo styles.

Bibliography

• en.wikipedia/wiki/ Neoclassicism , 21 February 2013 , 20:13pm

Turner

Joseph Mallord William Turner, also known as J.M.W Turner, was born on 23 April 1775 in Couent Garden, London, England and died on 19 December 1851 at the age of 76 i Cheyne Walk, Cheisea, London, England. he was a Romantic British painter. Turner was associated with landscape painting. Turner was renowed for his oil painting, but turner is also one of the greatest masters in water colour landscape painting. Turner had travelled in Europe, starting with France and Switzerland in 1802. He studying in the Lourvre in Paris in the same year. He also made many visits to Venice. When Turner to Lyme Regis, in Dorset he painted a stormy scene, which is held in the Cincinnati Art Museum.

Some of his works



Joseph Mallord William Turner – Dutch Boats in a Gale (1801)



Fishermen at Sea exhibited in 1796 was the first oil painting exhibited by Turner at the Royal Academy


Bibliography

• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._M._W._Turner, 25th February 2013, 1.24am